Dizartriya shakllarining klinik-patogenetik tahlili va differensial diagnostikasi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20919036Ключевые слова:
dizartriya, kortikal dizartriya, subkortikal dizartriya, serebellar dizartriya, bulbar sindrom, psevdobulbar sindrom, patogenez, differensial diagnostikaАннотация
Kirish: Dizartriya - nutq apparati innervatsiyasining organik buzilishi natijasida yuzaga keladigan, artikulyatsiya,
fonatsiya va prosodikaning kombinatsiyalashgan buzilishlari bilan xarakterlanuvchi polietiologik neyrogen kasallikdir.
Maqsad: Ushbu maqolada dizartriyaning kortikal, subkortikal, serebellar, bulbar va psevdobulbar shakllarining klinik-patogenetik
mexanizmlarini, differensial diagnostik mezonlarini va zamonaviy instrumental tekshiruv usullarining diagnostik
ahamiyatini nazariy jihatdan tizimli tahlil qilish ko‘zda tutilgan.
Material va usullar: Tadqiqotda ilmiy adabiyotlarni tahlil qilish, neyroanatomik usul, klinik-neyrofiziologik yondashuv va
tizimli qiyosiy tahlil usullari qo‘llanilgan.
Natijalar: Dizartriyaning beshta asosiy shakli o‘zaro 16 ta klinik parametr bo‘yicha taqqoslandi. Har bir shaklning patognomonik
belgilari aniqlangan: kortikal shaklda tovushlarning selektiv buzilishi, subkortikal shaklda giperkinezlar va prosodika
buzilishi, serebellar shaklda skandirovka nutq, bulbar shaklda mushak atrofiyasi va disfagiya, psevdobulbar shaklda
esa spastik paralich va oral avtomatizm reflekslari ustunlik qiladi.
Xulosa: Differensial diagnostika reabilitatsiya samaradorligini belgilovchi asosiy omil hisoblanadi. Aniq tashxis qo‘yish
klinik baholash, neyrovizualizatsiya (MRI, KT) va neyrofiziologik tekshiruvlar (EMG, ENG) majmuasini talab qiladi.
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