Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition’s Possible Role in the Pathogenesis of Periodontitis (Literature Review)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20132038Ключевые слова:
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), Snail, epithelial barrier permeability, oral microbiota, tight junction proteins, gingival crevicular fluid, periodontitisАннотация
Inflammatory periodontal diseases have become a significant focus of modern dentistry due to the increasing
global prevalence of gingivitis and periodontitis. This review aims to examine the relationship between the development
of inflammatory periodontal diseases and increased permeability of the gingival sulcus epithelium. Particular attention is
given to the interaction between the oral microbiota and the epithelial barrier.
Scientific publications indexed in eLIBRARY, Google Scholar, and PubMed were analyzed. Between 2004–2025, more
than 100 studies addressing various aspects of the topic were identified. Following a rigorous selection process, 60
publications, including review articles and experimental studies conducted both in vitro and in vivo, were included in the
analysis. The reviewed evidence demonstrates a close association between alterations in the mucosal microbiota and the
regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. Beneficial microorganisms may enhance antimicrobial defense mechanisms
either indirectly through immune modulation or directly by inhibiting pathogens that impair epithelial barrier function.
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), characterized by the loss of epithelial features and the acquisition of mesenchymal
properties, appears to play an important role in this process. These alterations may weaken the basement
membrane, compromise epithelial integrity, and contribute to periodontal pocket formation. As a result, pathogenic microorganisms
may penetrate deeper into oral tissues. Tight junctions and intercellular adhesion complexes are essential for
maintaining epithelial stability and normal cellular function
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